by class...

I used the by() function on a data.frame to get sums of the data grouped by 2 factors. The function worked however the output is in a class called 'by'. Not familiar with this class. How can I turn the output into a nice table where columns represent values of factor1, row represent values of factor2 and the entries in the table are the sums that were calculated using the by function?

I did some web search which suggested using do.call(rbind, datframe_object) but this command gave the following error:
"Second argument must be a list"...
The output of by() is always a list, so I would have expected:

do.call(rbind, by.object) to have retruned a different error message that what you suggest.

Thank you.
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David Winsemius
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by class...

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