Optimization function producing negative parameter values

Does optim go out of bounds when you specify hessian=FALSE?
hessian=TRUE causes some out-of-bounds evaluations of f.
optim(c(X=1,Y=1), function(XY){print(unname(XY));(XY[["X"]]+1)^4+(XY[["Y"]]-2)^4}, method= "L-BFGS-B", lower=c(0.001,0.001), upper=c(1.5,1.5), hessian=TRUE)
[1] 1 1
[1] 1.001 1.000
[1] 0.999 1.000
[1] 1.000 1.001
[1] 1.000 0.999
[1] 0.001 1.500
[1] 0.002 1.500
[1] 0.001 1.500
[1] 0.001 1.500
[1] 0.001 1.499
[1] 0.003 1.500
[1] 0.001 1.500
[1] 0.002 1.501
[1] 0.002 1.499
[1] 0.001 1.500
[1] -0.001  1.500
[1] 0.000 1.501
[1] 0.000 1.499
[1] 0.002 1.501
[1] 0.000 1.501
[1] 0.001 1.502
[1] 0.001 1.500
[1] 0.002 1.499
[1] 0.000 1.499
[1] 0.001 1.500
[1] 0.001 1.498
$par
    X     Y
0.001 1.500

$value
[1] 1.066506
Dear all,

I am using optim() to estimate unknown parameters by minimizing the
residual sums of squares. I created a function with the model. The model is
working fine. The optim function is producing negative parameter values, even
I have introduced upper and lower bounds (given in code). Therefore,
the model produces *NAs*.

Following is my code.

param <<- c(0.002,0.002, 0.14,0.012,0.01,0.02, 0.03, 0.001)# initial
parameter values
opt <- optim(param, fn= f.opt, obsdata =obsdata_10000, method= "L-BFGS-B",
lower = c(0.001, 0.001, 0.08,0.008, 0.009, 0.008, 0.009, 0.001),
upper = c(0.00375, 0.002, 0.2, 0.018, 0.08, 0.08, 0.08, 0.01),
control=list(maxit=10), hessian = T)

Error:

*"NAs producedError in if (rnd_1 < liferisk) { : missing value where
TRUE/FALSE needed "*

The model function which produces NA due to negative parameter values

liferisk <- rnorm(n = 1, mean =
(calib_para[which(names(calib_para)=="r_mu")]),sd =
(calib_para[which(names(calib_para)=="r_sd")]))

  rnd_1 <- runif(1, 0, 1)

  if (rnd_1 < liferisk) { ca_case <- 1} else {ca_case <- 0}

How to design/ modify optim() function, and upper-lower bounds to stop
producing negative values during parameter search?
Thanks

Best regards,
Shah

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Optimization function producing negative parameter values

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