Creating a before-and-after variable in R

Thank you very much for your help!

All the best, 
Faradj
3 okt. 2019 kl. 16:37 skrev Eric Berger <ericjberger at gmail.com>:

You can replace the last line in my first suggestion by the following two lines

d <- 2014  # the default (set by the user)
a$treatment <- sapply( 1:nrow(a), function(i) { b <- v[a$country_code[i]]; a$year[i] - ifelse(is.na(b),d,b)})

Best,
Eric

On Thu, Oct 3, 2019 at 5:19 PM Faradj Koliev <faradj.g at gmail.com> wrote:
Hi, 

I was thinking that it could simply show the negative counts. For ex: if a country hasn?t introduced the policy X, and it's in the dataset from 1982 to 2014, then the treatment variable would take a value -33 in 1982 and -1 in 2014. 

Best, 
Faradj 

3 okt. 2019 kl. 16:11 skrev Eric Berger <ericjberger at gmail.com>:

Hi Faradj,
What should the treatment variable be in those cases? If you want to set it to a constant y (such as y=0), you can add something like

y <- 0
a$treatment[ is.na(a$treatment) ] <- y

HTH,
Eric

On Thu, Oct 3, 2019 at 4:54 PM Faradj Koliev <faradj.g at gmail.com> wrote:
Dear Eric, 

Thank you very much for this - it worked perfectly! 

A small thing: I wonder whether it?s possible to include those cases where the x is =0 for the whole study period. I have countries with x=0 for the whole period and the treatment variable is=NA for these observations. 

Best, 
Faradj 

3 okt. 2019 kl. 15:18 skrev Eric Berger <ericjberger at gmail.com>:

Hi Faradj,
Suppose your data frame is labeled 'a'. Then the following seems to do what you want.

v <- rep(NA_integer_,max(a$country_code))
v[ a$country_code[a$x==1] ] <- a$year[a$x==1]
a$treatment <- sapply( 1:nrow(a), function(i) { a$year[i] - v[a$country_code[i]]})

HTH,
Eric

On Thu, Oct 3, 2019 at 3:36 PM Faradj Koliev <faradj.g at gmail.com> wrote:
Dear Michael Dewey, 

Thanks for reaching out about this. I trying again, now with plain text, and hope it works. 

Best, 
Faradj 

Dear R-users, 

I need an urgent help with the following: I have a country-year data covering the period 1982 - 2013. I want to assess how the variable X (a certain policy) affects the Y variable. The X variable is =1 when a country introduces that policy in a specific year, otherwise =0. 

What I want to do is to create a treatment variable, that would be a negative count until the X=1, and then  positive counts  for the years after X=1. 

For example, let?s say that the U.S. introduced the policy x in year 2000. The treatment variable would look be like this: 

country

year

x

treatment

USA

1982

0

-18

USA

1983

0

-17

USA

1984

0

-16

USA

1985

0

-15

USA

1986

0

-14

USA

1987

0

-13

USA

1988

0

-12

USA

1989

0

-11

USA

1990

0

-10

USA

1991

0

-9

USA

1992

0

-8

USA

1993

0

-7

USA

1994

0

-6

USA

1995

0

-5

USA

1996

0

-4

USA

1997

0

-3

USA

1998

0

-2

USA

1999

0

-1

USA

2000

1

0

USA

2001

0

1

USA

2002

0

2

USA

2003

0

3

USA

2004

0

4

USA

2005

0

5

USA

2006

0

6

USA

2007

0

7

USA

2008

0

8

USA

2009

0

9

USA

2010

0

10

USA

2011

0

11

USA

2012

0

12

USA

2013

0

13

Do you have any idea as how I can generate this? All suggestions are appreciated!

I?ve tried to create it but failed. I only could generate positive counts using this code: 
require(data.table)
setDT(data)[,treatment := seq.int(0,.N-1L), by = cumsum(x)-x]

My sample below: 
dput(data)
structure(list(country_code = c(900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 
900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 
900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 
900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 
305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 
305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 
305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 
140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 
140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 
140L, 140L, 140L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 
471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 
471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 
471L, 471L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 
352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 
352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 
352L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 
490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 
490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 
375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 
375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 
375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 220L, 
220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 
220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 
220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 481L, 481L, 
481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 
481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 
481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 
367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 
367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 570L, 570L, 
570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 
570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 
570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 
212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 
212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 
212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 
359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 
359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 
600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 
600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 
600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 
565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 
565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 235L, 235L, 
235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 
235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 
235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 
317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 
317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 
230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 
230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 
230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 
380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 
380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 
380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 
640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 
640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 
640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 
500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 
500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 
500L, 500L, 500L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 
369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 
369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 
101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 
101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 
101L, 101L, 101L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 
551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 
551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 
551L, 551L), year = c(1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 
1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 
1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 
2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 
1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 
1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 
2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 
2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 
1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 
1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 
2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 
1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 
1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 
2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 
2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 
1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 
1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 
2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 
2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 
1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 
1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 
2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 
1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 
1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 
2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 
2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 
1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 
1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 
2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 
1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 
1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 
2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 
2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 
1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 
2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 
1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 
1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 
2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 
2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 
1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 
1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 
2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 
1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 
2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 
2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 
1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 
1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 
2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 
2013L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 
1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 
2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 
1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 
1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 
2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 
2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 
1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 
2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 
1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 
1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 
2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 
2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 
1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 
1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 
2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 
1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 
1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 
2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 
2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 
1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 
1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 
2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1991L, 
1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 
2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 
2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 
1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 
1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 
2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 
1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 
1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 
2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 
2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L), y = c(5.079999924, 5.079999924, 
5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 
5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 8.159999847, 8.159999847, 8.159999847, 
8.159999847, 8.159999847, 8.079999924, 8.079999924, 8.079999924, 
8.079999924, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 
7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 
9.170000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 
9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 
9.670000076, 9.670000076, 7.329999924, 7.329999924, 7.329999924, 
7.329999924, 7.329999924, 7.329999924, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 
4, 4, 3.670000076, 3.670000076, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 
4, 4.090000153, 4.090000153, 4.090000153, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 
6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 
6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.739999771, 7.610000134, 
7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 
7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 
7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 
7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 
7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 
7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 
7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 
7.869999886, 7.869999886, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 
13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 
13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 8, 8, 11, 
11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 
8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 
8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 
8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 9.770000458, 9.770000458, 
9.770000458, 9.770000458, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 
9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 
9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 
9.43999958, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 
9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 
9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 7.159999847, 7.159999847, 
7.159999847, 7.159999847, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 
7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 
7.489999771, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 
8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 
8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 
8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 
13.98999977, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 
6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 
6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 
11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 
11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.72999954, 
11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 
11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 
4.989999771, 4.989999771, 4.989999771, 4.989999771, 4.989999771, 
4.989999771, 4.989999771, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 
14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 
14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 6.920000076, 
6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 
6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 
8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 
8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 
8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 
8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 
8.010000229, 10.96000004, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 
11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 
11.19999981, 11.19999981, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 13.57999992, 
13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 
13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 
13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 
13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 
13.57999992, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 
8.619999886, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 14.60999966, 14.60999966, 
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 12.42000008, 12.42000008, 12.42000008, 
12.42000008, 12.42000008, 12.42000008, 11.92000008, 11.92000008, 
11.92000008, 11.59000015, 11.31999969, 14.26000023, 14.26000023, 
14.26000023, 14.26000023, 14.26000023, 14.26000023, 14.26000023, 
14.26000023, 13.93000031, 13.93000031, 13.93000031, 13.93000031, 
13.93000031, 13.93000031, 14.60000038, 14.60000038, 14.60000038, 
14.60000038, 13.5, 13.5, 14.26000023, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 
14.59000015, 12.43000031, 12.43000031, 12.43000031, 12.43000031, 
13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 
13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 
13.15999985, 13, 13, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 
12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 
12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 
12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 
8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 
8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 
8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 
8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 
12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 
12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 2.170000076, 
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 7.829999924, 7.829999924, 
7.829999924, 7.829999924, 7.829999924, 7.829999924, 7.829999924, 
7.829999924, 14.23999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 
13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 
13.98999977, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 6.96999979, 
7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 
7.46999979, 7.46999979, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 
11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 
11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 
15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 2.329999924, 
2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 
2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 
2.329999924, 4.329999924, 4.329999924, 4.329999924, 12, 12, 12, 
12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12), x = c(0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 
0L)), .Names = c("country_code", "year", "y", "x"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, 
-722L))

3 okt. 2019 kl. 14:24 skrev Michael Dewey <lists at dewey.myzen.co.uk>:

Dear Faradj

I am afraid your post is unreadable since this is a plain text list and you sent in HTML.

Michael

On 03/10/2019 12:17, Faradj Koliev wrote:
Dear R-users,
I need an urgent help with the following: I have a country-year data covering the period 1982 - 2013. I want to assess how the variable X (a certain policy) affects the Y variable. The X variable is =1 when a country introduces that policy in a specific year, otherwise =0.
What I want to do is to create a treatment variable, that would be a negative count until the X=1, and then  positive counts  for the years after X=1.
For example, let?s say that the U.S. introduced the policy x in year 2000. The treatment variable would look be like this:
 country
year
x
treatment
USA
1982
0
-18
USA
1983
0
-17
USA
1984
0
-16
USA
1985
0
-15
USA
1986
0
-14
USA
1987
0
-13
USA
1988
0
-12
USA
1989
0
-11
USA
1990
0
-10
USA
1991
0
-9
USA
1992
0
-8
USA
1993
0
-7
USA
1994
0
-6
USA
1995
0
-5
USA
1996
0
-4
USA
1997
0
-3
USA
1998
0
-2
USA
1999
0
-1
USA
2000
1
0
USA
2001
0
1
USA
2002
0
2
USA
2003
0
3
USA
2004
0
4
USA
2005
0
5
USA
2006
0
6
USA
2007
0
7
USA
2008
0
8
USA
2009
0
9
USA
2010
0
10
USA
2011
0
11
USA
2012
0
12
USA
2013
0
13
Do you have any idea as how I can generate this? All suggestions are appreciated!
I?ve tried to create it but failed. I only could generate positive counts using this code:
require(data.table)
setDT(data)[,treatment := seq.int(0,.N-1L), by = cumsum(x)-x]
My sample below:
dput(data)
structure(list(country_code = c(900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L,
900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L,
900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L,
900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 900L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L,
305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L,
305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 305L,
305L, 305L, 305L, 305L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L,
140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L,
140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L, 140L,
140L, 140L, 140L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L,
471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L,
471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L, 471L,
471L, 471L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L,
352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L,
352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L, 352L,
352L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L,
490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L,
490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L, 490L,
375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L,
375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L,
375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 375L, 220L,
220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L,
220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L,
220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 220L, 481L, 481L,
481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L,
481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L,
481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 481L, 367L, 367L, 367L,
367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L,
367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 367L, 570L, 570L,
570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L,
570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L,
570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 570L, 212L, 212L, 212L,
212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L,
212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L,
212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 212L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L,
359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L,
359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 359L, 600L, 600L, 600L,
600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L,
600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L,
600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 600L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L,
565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L,
565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 565L, 235L, 235L,
235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L,
235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L,
235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 235L, 317L, 317L, 317L,
317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L,
317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 317L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L,
230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L,
230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L,
230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 230L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L,
380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L,
380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L,
380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 380L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L,
640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L,
640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 640L,
640L, 640L, 640L, 640L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L,
500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L,
500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L, 500L,
500L, 500L, 500L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L,
369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 369L,
369L, 369L, 369L, 369L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L,
101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L,
101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L, 101L,
101L, 101L, 101L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L,
551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L,
551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L, 551L,
551L, 551L), year = c(1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L,
1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L,
1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L,
2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L,
1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L,
1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L,
2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L,
2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L,
1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L,
1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L,
2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L,
1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L,
1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L,
2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L,
2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L,
1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L,
1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L,
2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L,
2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L,
1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L,
1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L,
2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L,
1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L,
1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L,
2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L,
2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L,
1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L,
1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L,
2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L,
1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L,
1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L,
2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L,
2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L,
1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L,
2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L,
1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L,
1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L,
2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L,
2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L,
1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L,
1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L,
2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L,
1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L,
2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L,
2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L,
1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L,
1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L,
2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L,
2013L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L,
1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L,
2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L,
1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L,
1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L,
2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L,
2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L,
1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L,
2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L,
1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L,
1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L,
2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L,
2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L,
1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L,
1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L,
2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L,
1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L,
1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L,
2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L,
2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L,
1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L,
1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L,
2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1991L,
1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L,
2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L,
2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L, 1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L,
1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L, 1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L,
1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L, 2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L,
2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L, 2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L,
1982L, 1983L, 1984L, 1985L, 1986L, 1987L, 1988L, 1989L, 1990L,
1991L, 1992L, 1993L, 1994L, 1995L, 1996L, 1997L, 1998L, 1999L,
2000L, 2001L, 2002L, 2003L, 2004L, 2005L, 2006L, 2007L, 2008L,
2009L, 2010L, 2011L, 2012L, 2013L), y = c(5.079999924, 5.079999924,
5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924,
5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924, 5.829999924,
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 8.159999847, 8.159999847, 8.159999847,
8.159999847, 8.159999847, 8.079999924, 8.079999924, 8.079999924,
8.079999924, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771,
7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771, 7.989999771,
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076,
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076,
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076,
9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076, 9.170000076,
9.170000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076,
9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076, 9.670000076,
9.670000076, 9.670000076, 7.329999924, 7.329999924, 7.329999924,
7.329999924, 7.329999924, 7.329999924, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 4, 3.670000076, 3.670000076, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4,
4, 4.090000153, 4.090000153, 4.090000153, 6.489999771, 6.489999771,
6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771,
6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.489999771, 6.739999771, 7.610000134,
7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134,
7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134,
7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134,
7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134, 7.610000134,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924, 8.329999924,
8.329999924, 8.329999924, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886,
7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886,
7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886,
7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886, 7.869999886,
7.869999886, 7.869999886, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008,
13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008,
13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 13.42000008, 8, 8, 11,
11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11, 11,
8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076,
8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076,
8.670000076, 8.670000076, 8.670000076, 9.770000458, 9.770000458,
9.770000458, 9.770000458, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958,
9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958,
9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958, 9.43999958,
9.43999958, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962,
9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962,
9.539999962, 9.539999962, 9.539999962, 7.159999847, 7.159999847,
7.159999847, 7.159999847, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771,
7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771, 7.489999771,
7.489999771, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809,
8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809,
8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809,
8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809, 8.699999809,
13.98999977, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 6.829999924, 6.829999924,
6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924,
6.829999924, 6.829999924, 6.829999924, 11.06000042, 11.06000042,
11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042,
11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.06000042, 11.72999954,
11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954,
11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954, 11.72999954,
4.989999771, 4.989999771, 4.989999771, 4.989999771, 4.989999771,
4.989999771, 4.989999771, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008, 11.17000008,
11.17000008, 11.17000008, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046,
14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046,
14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 14.02000046, 6.920000076,
6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076,
6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076, 6.920000076,
8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229,
8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229,
8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229,
8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229, 8.010000229,
8.010000229, 10.96000004, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981,
11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981, 11.19999981,
11.19999981, 11.19999981, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 13.57999992,
13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992,
13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992,
13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992,
13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992, 13.57999992,
13.57999992, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 8.619999886,
8.619999886, 8.619999886, 8.619999886, 14.60999966, 14.60999966,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 12.42000008, 12.42000008, 12.42000008,
12.42000008, 12.42000008, 12.42000008, 11.92000008, 11.92000008,
11.92000008, 11.59000015, 11.31999969, 14.26000023, 14.26000023,
14.26000023, 14.26000023, 14.26000023, 14.26000023, 14.26000023,
14.26000023, 13.93000031, 13.93000031, 13.93000031, 13.93000031,
13.93000031, 13.93000031, 14.60000038, 14.60000038, 14.60000038,
14.60000038, 13.5, 13.5, 14.26000023, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015, 14.59000015,
14.59000015, 12.43000031, 12.43000031, 12.43000031, 12.43000031,
13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985,
13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 13.15999985,
13.15999985, 13, 13, 13.15999985, 13.15999985, 12.82999992, 12.82999992,
12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992,
12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992,
12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992, 12.82999992,
8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042,
8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042,
8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042,
8.31000042, 8.31000042, 8.31000042, 12.11999989, 12.11999989,
12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989,
12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 12.11999989, 2.170000076,
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076,
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076,
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076,
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076,
2.170000076, 2.170000076, 2.170000076, 7.829999924, 7.829999924,
7.829999924, 7.829999924, 7.829999924, 7.829999924, 7.829999924,
7.829999924, 14.23999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977,
13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977, 13.98999977,
13.98999977, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008,
13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 13.92000008, 6.96999979,
7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979, 7.46999979,
7.46999979, 7.46999979, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015,
11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015,
11.59000015, 11.59000015, 11.59000015, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25,
15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 15.25, 2.329999924,
2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924,
2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924, 2.329999924,
2.329999924, 4.329999924, 4.329999924, 4.329999924, 12, 12, 12,
12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12, 12), x = c(0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 1L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L,
0L)), .Names = c("country_code", "year", "y", "x"), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA,
-722L))
     [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
______________________________________________
R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
---
This email has been checked for viruses by AVG.
https://www.avg.com
.
-- 
Michael
http://www.dewey.myzen.co.uk/home.html

        [[alternative HTML version deleted]]

______________________________________________
R-help at r-project.org mailing list -- To UNSUBSCRIBE and more, see
https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help
PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.

Creating a before-and-after variable in R

Thread (10 messages)