Sampling with conditions

On 07-Nov-11 22:22:54, SarahJoyes wrote:

Hey everyone, 
I am at best, an amateur user of R, but I am stuck on how
to set-up the following situation. 
I am trying to select a random sample of numbers from 0 to 10
and insert them into the first column of a matrix (which will
used later in a loop).
However, I need to have those numbers add up to 10. How can
I set those conditions?
So far I have:
n<-matrix(0,nr=5,ncol=10)
for(i in 1:10){n[i,1]<-sample(0:10,1)}
How do I set-up the "BUT sum(n[i,1])=10"?
Thanks
SarahJ

Sarah, your example is confusing because you have set up a
matrix 'n' with 5 rows and 10 columns. But your loop cycles
through 10 rows!

However, assuming that your basic requirement is to sample
10 integers which add up to 10, consider rmultinom():

  rmultinom(n=1,size=10,prob=(1:10)/10)
  #      [,1]
  # [1,]    1
  # [2,]    0
  # [3,]    2
  # [4,]    0
  # [5,]    1
  # [6,]    1
  # [7,]    2
  # [8,]    0
  # [9,]    1
  #[10,]    2
  rmultinom(n=1,size=10,prob=(1:10)/10)
  #      [,1]
  # [1,]    0
  # [2,]    0
  # [3,]    0
  # [4,]    0
  # [5,]    1
  # [6,]    1
  # [7,]    2
  # [8,]    1
  # [9,]    2
  #[10,]    3

This gives each integer in (0:10) equal chances of being
in the sample. For unequal chances, vary 'prob'.

Hoping this helps,
Ted.