question about spaces in r

First of all, it's R, not r, and on this mailing list people care about
this kind of thing.

Second, you will need to provide more information in order to get better
help. Please read the posting guide.

There are a number of introductory level documents available via CRAN,
please pick one and study the basics.

That said, here are a few basics:

When R reads data that is a mixture of letters and digits, as yours is, 

will interpret all of them as characters. (Possibly converting to
something called a "factor", depending on exactly how the data is being
input.)

read.csv() produces data frames, not matrices. In a matrix, all values
must be the same type, numeric or character. In a data frame, different
columns can be different types, but each column must be all the same 

Your column has a mixture of tyeps. Your input column apparently has a
mixture of types, violating the data frame rule, so read.csv() treats 

numbers as characters.

You can use as.numeric() on this column to convert to numeric. The

elements that look like numbers will become numeric, and the elements 

have letters will be converted to NA for missing.

Just guessing, but from what you've shown in looks like maybe your input
data (outside R) is structured in a way that is not conducive to reading
into R. This is quite common when the input data is a spreadsheet.

-Don


-- 
Don MacQueen

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
7000 East Ave., L-627
Livermore, CA 94550
925-423-1062





On 12/9/11 7:44 AM, "Matt Spitzer" <matthewjspitzer at gmail.com> wrote:

Hello,
I would like to please ask if someone would explain how r reads 

and numbers differently.  Using read.csv, I had a matrix that resembled
the
following, only with many more ids and data:

   ID
Visit
variable
2
1
5
2
1
3
2
3
4
2
41
1
2
42
34
2
5
54
2
9
1
2
10
3
2
12
5
5
1
54
5
2
9
5
3
3
5
41
54
5
41
2
5
5
235
5
9
4
5
10
2
5
12
2

I then tried to subset for Visit==3.  However, subset == was not 

properly.  This gave me zero rows.  I printed the matrix/dataframe and
found that this was because r viewed the 3 as " 3" (space three).  So, 

had to type subset == " 3" to select for the data instead.  I think 

has to do with character, number and string properties, but I am quite 

novice.  Would anyone be able to instruct me how one tells a
dafaframe/matrix to convert numbers such as " 3" to "3" so that I do 

get confused in the future?  I guess another problem I have is that I 

still learning the differences between matrices and dataframes.
Thanks so much, Matt

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