Question about function scope

Thanks Duncan for your quick reply.

Ideally, I would want bar1 and bar2 to be independent functions, because they are huge in actuality and, as the actual foo function grows, I may end up with 10 different bar# functions. So I would like to separate them from foo as much as possible.


----- Original Message -----
From: "Duncan Murdoch" <murdoch.duncan at gmail.com>
To: "Sebastien Bihorel" <sebastien.bihorel at cognigencorp.com>, r-help at r-project.org
Sent: Tuesday, October 30, 2018 4:13:05 PM
Subject: Re: [R] Question about function scope

Hi,

 From the R user manual, I have a basic understanding of the scope of function evaluation but have a harder time understanding how to mess with environments.

My problem can be summarized by the code shown at the bottom:
- the foo function performs some steps including the assignment of default values to 3 objects: x, y, z
- at some point, I would like to call either the bar1 or bar2 function based upon the value of the c argument of the foo function. These functions assign different values to the x, y, z variables.
- then foo should move on and do other cool stuff

Based upon default R scoping, the x, y, and z variables inside the bar1 and bar2 functions are not in the same environment as the x, y, and z variables created inside the foo function.

Can I modify the scope of evaluation of bar1 and bar2 so that x, y, and z created inside the foo function are modified?

PS:
- I know about "<<-" but, in my real code (which I cannot share, sorry), foo is already called within other functions and x, y, and z variables do not exist in the top-level environment and are not returned by foo. So "<<-" does not work (per manual: " Only when <<- has been used in a function that was returned as the value of another function will the special behavior described here occur. ")

I haven't looked up that quote, but it is likely describing a situation 
that isn't relevant to you.  For you, the important part is that bar1 
and bar2 must be created within foo.  They don't need to be returned 
from it.

So my edit below of your code should do what you want.

foo <- function(a=1, b=2, c=0){

   bar1 <- function(){
     x <<- 1
     y <<- 1
     z <<- 1
     cat(sprintf('bar1: x=%d, y=%d, z=%d\n', x, y, z))
   }

   bar2 <- function(){
     x <<- 2
     y <<- 2
     z <<- 2
     cat(sprintf('bar2: x=%d, y=%d, z=%d\n', x, y, z))
   }

   # some setup code
   dummy <- a + b
   x <- y <- z <- 0

   # here is my scope problem
   if (c==1) bar1()
   if (c==2) bar2()

   # some more code
   cat(sprintf('foo: x=%d, y=%d, z=%d\n', x, y, z))

}

foo(c=0)
foo(c=1)
foo(c=2)

I get this output:

 > foo(c=0)
foo: x=0, y=0, z=0
 > foo(c=1)
bar1: x=1, y=1, z=1
foo: x=1, y=1, z=1
 > foo(c=2)
bar2: x=2, y=2, z=2
foo: x=2, y=2, z=2

Duncan Murdoch