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connectivity measure for graph nodes

I am doing some work the Rgraphviz, a Bioconductor package, but since my 
question is of a more general nature, thought I would send to this list 
in hopes that a graph theory expert could answer my question.

I wish to do some statistics on node-node relationships. In particular, 
I want to see if two connected nodes share a common property. I believe 
that the more "connected" the two nodes are the more likely it would be 
that they share the property. The graph is highly connected, with a 
large majority of nodes connected in some fashion.

My first question is: can anyone make this real easy and tell me if this 
has been done and how?

If not, I need to start with developing a measure of connectedness that 
includes degrees of separation and number of edges at each degree. The 
highest level of connectivity, with weighting 1, would be a first order 
connection (the graph is undirected). Beyond that, of course, it gets 
more complicated. To begin, I need to identify the best path between two 
nodes then characterize that path.

Rgraphviz seems to have a fair amount of rendering capabilities, but I 
don't see many functions to statistically analyze the graph.

Thanks,
Mark