two apparent anomalies

On Sat, 22 Jan 2011 06:16:43 -0800 (PST)

"analys... at hotmail.com" <analys... at hotmail.com> wrote:

(1)

a = c("a","b")
mode(a)

[1] "character"

b = c(1,2)
mode(b)

[1] "numeric"

c = data.frame(a,b)
mode(c$a)

[1] "numeric"

R> str(c)
'data.frame': ? 2 obs. of ?2 variables:
?$ a: Factor w/ 2 levels "a","b": 1 2
?$ b: num ?1 2

Character vectors are turned into factors by default by data.frame().

OTOH:

R> c = data.frame(a,b, stringsAsFactors=FALSE)
R> mode(c$a) ?
[1] "character"

(2)

a = c("a","a","b","b","c")
levels(as.factor(a))

[1] "a" "b" "c"

levels(as.factor(a[1:3]))

[1] "a" "b"

a = as.factor(a)
levels(a)

[1] "a" "b" "c"

levels(a[1:3])

[1] "a" "b" "c"

Subsetting factors does not get rid of no-longer used levels by default.

OTOH:

R> levels(a[1:3, drop=TRUE])
[1] "a" "b"

or

R> levels(factor(a[1:3]))
[1] "a" "b"

HTH.

Cheers,

? ? ? ? Berwin