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Val:
I wanted to add here a base R solution to your problem that I realize
you can happily ignore. However, in the course of puzzling over how to
do it using the R native pipe syntax ("|>") , I learned some new stuff
that I thought others might find useful, and it seemed sensible to
keep the code with this thread for comparison.

 I want to acknowledge that in the course of my labor, I posted a
query to R-Help to which Iris Simmons posted a very clever answer that
I would never have figured out myself and that is used below at the
end to change a subset of the names of the modified data frame via a
pipe.

Here's the whole solution starting from your (excellent!) example dat:

   dat <- dat$string |>
      strsplit(" ") |>
      sapply(FUN = \(x)c(x, rep(NA, 5 - length(x)))) |>
      t() |> cbind(dat, ..2 = _)

   ## And Iris's trick for changing a subset of attributes, i.e. the
"names", in a pipe
   dat |> names() |> _[4:8] <- paste0("s", 1:5)

## and here's the result:

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