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permutation test for linear models with continuous covariates

What do you want to test?

To test H0:  Y is independent of all X's, 
you can permute Y.

To test H0:  a particular X does not contribute to predicting Y, conditional
	on the other X's
you have to be careful.  If you permute that X, the size is wrong; the
type I error can be nearly 50%, because you've lost the correlation
between that X and others.  I don't know of a suitable permutation test
in general for testing individual X's.

S+Resample has a permutationTest() function that lets you specify
which columns to permute.  The Canty/Davison/Hinkley "boot" library
(in R or S-PLUS) offers "permutation" as one of the options for sampling
in the boot() function; to use this you would specify the Y variable
as the data set and pass the X's separately to the statistic.

Tim Hesterberg
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| Tim Hesterberg       Research Scientist              |
| timh at insightful.com  Insightful Corp.                |
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