Testing for normality in categorical data
Hi Nancy, The chickwts dataset contains one sort-of continuous variable (weight) and a categorical variable (feed). Two things that will help you to understand what you are trying to do is to "eyeball" the "weight" data: # this shows you the rough distribution of chick weights hist(chickwts$weight) # this shows you how well the distribution of weights fits a normal distribution qqnorm(chickwts$weight) For the Shapiro-Wilks statistic on the distribution of all of the weights: shapiro.test(chickwts$weight) and if you really want to test the normality within the feed groups: by(chickwts$weight,chickwts$feed,shapiro.test) Now because the p-values returned are all fairly large, you can accept the null hypothesis of normality. As Bert has noted, it looks like you are just throwing the data into the functions without really knowing what you are doing. Hopefully, the above will get you started. Jim
On Sat, Oct 5, 2019 at 11:19 PM Nancy Felix <nancyfelix25 at gmail.com> wrote:
Hello
I have data that are categorical both independent variable and dependent as
well having levels more than 3. How can i check the normality of my data?
I have tried the example given of Shapiro-Wilk for levels of factors
data
summary(chickwts)
## linear model and ANOVA
fm <- lm(weight ~ feed, data = chickwts)
anova(fm)
## QQ plot for residuals + Shapiro-Wilk test
shapiro.test(residuals(fm))
## separate tests for all groups of observations
## (with some formatting)
do.call("rbind", with(chickwts, tapply(weight, feed,
function(x) unlist(shapiro.test(x)[c("statistic", "p.value")]))))
But ended up with Error message that x should be numeric and more comments
see below.
Hope to get some help on this
Thanks,
Nancy
## linear model and ANOVA
fm <- lm(retaliation ~ occupation, data = kazi)
Warning messages: 1: In model.response(mf, "numeric") : using type = "numeric" with a factor response will be ignored 2: In Ops.factor(y, z$residuals) : ?-? not meaningful for factors
anova(fm)
Error in if (ssr < 1e-10 * mss) warning("ANOVA F-tests on an essentially
perfect fit are unreliable") :
missing value where TRUE/FALSE needed
In addition: Warning message:
In Ops.factor(object$residuals, 2) : ?^? not meaningful for factors
## QQ plot for residuals + Shapiro-Wilk test shapiro.test(residuals(fm))
Error in class(y) <- oldClass(x) : adding class "factor" to an invalid object
## separate tests for all groups of observations
## (with some formatting)
do.call("rbind", with(kazi, tapply(retaliation, occupation,
+ function(x)
unlist(shapiro.test(x)[c("statistic", "p.value")]))))
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