Hi I am using xyplot() to plot on the log scale by using scale=list(log=T) argument. For example: xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log=T)) But the axis labels are printed as scientific notation (10^0.0, etc), instead of fixed notation. How can I change that to fixed notation? options(scipen=4) doesn't work on xyplot() Thanks John
scientific vs. fixed notation in xyplot()
8 messages · Henrique Dallazuanna, Don McKenzie, array chip +1 more
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This is quite elegant (thanks) and brings up a problem I could not
solve awhile back, although Dr. Sarkar did his best to help.
How do I do the same thing in a panel plot?
e.g., toy example
temp.df <- data.frame(X=seq(1,100,by=1),Y=seq(1,50.5,by=.5),class=rep
(c("A","B"),each=50))
xyplot(Y ~ X | class,data=temp.df,scales=list(x=round(log(1:100),
4),y=round(log(1:50.5), 4),log=T))
gives me the right points on the page but still gives axis labels in
scientific notation.
If I try to specify "labels" as a list I get an error message
> xyplot(Y ~ X | class,data=temp.df,scales=list(log = T, labels =
list(x=round(log(1:100), 4),y=round(log(1:50.5), 4))))
Error in construct.scales(log = TRUE, labels = list(x = c(0, 0.6931,
1.0986, :
the at and labels components of scales may not be lists when
relation = same
Syntax problem in this last command?
Thanks
On 27-Sep-10, at 12:16 PM, Henrique Dallazuanna wrote:
Try this: xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log = T, labels = round(log(1:10), 4))) On Mon, Sep 27, 2010 at 4:10 PM, array chip <arrayprofile at yahoo.com> wrote:
Hi I am using xyplot() to plot on the log scale by using scale=list (log=T) argument. For example: xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log=T)) But the axis labels are printed as scientific notation (10^0.0, etc), instead of fixed notation. How can I change that to fixed notation? options(scipen=4) doesn't work on xyplot() Thanks John
-- Henrique Dallazuanna Curitiba-Paran?-Brasil 25? 25' 40" S 49? 16' 22" O [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting- guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Don McKenzie, Research Ecologist Pacific WIldland Fire Sciences Lab US Forest Service Affiliate Professor School of Forest Resources, College of the Environment CSES Climate Impacts Group University of Washington desk: 206-732-7824 cell: 206-321-5966 dmck at uw.edu donaldmckenzie at fs.fed.us
Hi, I found an old thread which refered to 2 examples (Fig 8.4 & Fig 8.5) from Dr. Sarkar's lattice book that address this problem using "xscale.components" and "yscale.components": http://lmdvr.r-forge.r-project.org/figures/figures.html I am able to change the label of x-axis, but still can't change the y-axis label. I think it's straight forward, but can't figure out what I am missing in the code, Can anyone suggest? logTicks <- function (lim, loc = c(1, 5)) { ii <- floor(log10(range(lim))) + c(-1, 2) main <- 10^(ii[1]:ii[2]) r <- as.numeric(outer(loc, main, "*")) r[lim[1] <= r & r <= lim[2]] } xscale.components.log10 <- function(lim, ...) { ans <- xscale.components.default(lim = lim, ...) tick.at <- logTicks(10^lim,loc=1) ans$bottom$ticks$at <- log(tick.at, 10) ans$bottom$labels$at <- log(tick.at, 10) ans$bottom$labels$labels <- as.character(tick.at) ans } yscale.components.log10 <- function(lim, ...) { ans <- yscale.components.default(lim = lim, ...) tick.at <- logTicks(10^lim,loc=1) ans$bottom$ticks$at <- log(tick.at, 10) ans$bottom$labels$at <- log(tick.at, 10) ans$bottom$labels$labels <- as.character(tick.at) ans } xyplot(1:10000~1:10000, scales=list(log=T),xscale.components = xscale.components.log10,yscale.components = yscale.components.log10) Any suggestions? Thanks John ----- Original Message ---- From: Don McKenzie <dmck at u.washington.edu> To: Henrique Dallazuanna <wwwhsd at gmail.com> Cc: R-help Forum <r-help at r-project.org> Sent: Mon, September 27, 2010 1:00:04 PM Subject: Re: [R] scientific vs. fixed notation in xyplot() This is quite elegant (thanks) and brings up a problem I could not solve awhile back, although Dr. Sarkar did his best to help. How do I do the same thing in a panel plot? e.g., toy example temp.df <- data.frame(X=seq(1,100,by=1),Y=seq(1,50.5,by=.5),class=rep(c("A","B"),each=50)) xyplot(Y ~ X | class,data=temp.df,scales=list(x=round(log(1:100), 4),y=round(log(1:50.5), 4),log=T)) gives me the right points on the page but still gives axis labels in scientific notation. If I try to specify "labels" as a list I get an error message
xyplot(Y ~ X | class,data=temp.df,scales=list(log = T, labels = list(x=round(log(1:100), 4),y=round(log(1:50.5), 4))))
Error in construct.scales(log = TRUE, labels = list(x = c(0, 0.6931, 1.0986, : the at and labels components of scales may not be lists when relation = same Syntax problem in this last command? Thanks
On 27-Sep-10, at 12:16 PM, Henrique Dallazuanna wrote:
Try this: xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log = T, labels = round(log(1:10), 4))) On Mon, Sep 27, 2010 at 4:10 PM, array chip <arrayprofile at yahoo.com> wrote:
Hi I am using xyplot() to plot on the log scale by using scale=list(log=T) argument. For example: xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log=T)) But the axis labels are printed as scientific notation (10^0.0, etc), instead of fixed notation. How can I change that to fixed notation? options(scipen=4) doesn't work on xyplot() Thanks John
--Henrique Dallazuanna
Curitiba-Paran?-Brasil
25? 25' 40" S 49? 16' 22" O
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Don McKenzie, Research Ecologist Pacific WIldland Fire Sciences Lab US Forest Service Affiliate Professor School of Forest Resources, College of the Environment CSES Climate Impacts Group University of Washington desk: 206-732-7824 cell: 206-321-5966 dmck at uw.edu donaldmckenzie at fs.fed.us ______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
I found where the problem is with y-axis, the yscale.components.log10 should be
yscale.components.log10 <- function(lim, ...) {
ans <- yscale.components.default(lim = lim, ...)
tick.at <- logTicks(10^lim,loc=1)
ans$left$ticks$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
ans$left$labels$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
ans$left$labels$labels <- as.character(tick.at)
ans }
----- Original Message ----
From: array chip <arrayprofile at yahoo.com>
To: Don McKenzie <dmck at u.washington.edu>; Henrique Dallazuanna
<wwwhsd at gmail.com>
Cc: R-help Forum <r-help at r-project.org>
Sent: Mon, September 27, 2010 3:09:20 PM
Subject: Re: [R] scientific vs. fixed notation in xyplot()
Hi, I found an old thread which refered to 2 examples (Fig 8.4 & Fig 8.5) from
Dr. Sarkar's lattice book that address this problem using "xscale.components"
and "yscale.components":
http://lmdvr.r-forge.r-project.org/figures/figures.html
I am able to change the label of x-axis, but still can't change the y-axis
label. I think it's straight forward, but can't figure out what I am missing in
the code, Can anyone suggest?
logTicks <- function (lim, loc = c(1, 5)) {
ii <- floor(log10(range(lim))) + c(-1, 2)
main <- 10^(ii[1]:ii[2])
r <- as.numeric(outer(loc, main, "*"))
r[lim[1] <= r & r <= lim[2]] }
xscale.components.log10 <- function(lim, ...) {
ans <- xscale.components.default(lim = lim, ...)
tick.at <- logTicks(10^lim,loc=1)
ans$bottom$ticks$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
ans$bottom$labels$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
ans$bottom$labels$labels <- as.character(tick.at)
ans }
yscale.components.log10 <- function(lim, ...) {
ans <- yscale.components.default(lim = lim, ...)
tick.at <- logTicks(10^lim,loc=1)
ans$bottom$ticks$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
ans$bottom$labels$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
ans$bottom$labels$labels <- as.character(tick.at)
ans }
xyplot(1:10000~1:10000, scales=list(log=T),xscale.components =
xscale.components.log10,yscale.components = yscale.components.log10)
Any suggestions?
Thanks
John
----- Original Message ----
From: Don McKenzie <dmck at u.washington.edu>
To: Henrique Dallazuanna <wwwhsd at gmail.com>
Cc: R-help Forum <r-help at r-project.org>
Sent: Mon, September 27, 2010 1:00:04 PM
Subject: Re: [R] scientific vs. fixed notation in xyplot()
This is quite elegant (thanks) and brings up a problem I could not solve awhile
back, although Dr. Sarkar did his best to help.
How do I do the same thing in a panel plot?
e.g., toy example
temp.df <-
data.frame(X=seq(1,100,by=1),Y=seq(1,50.5,by=.5),class=rep(c("A","B"),each=50))
xyplot(Y ~ X | class,data=temp.df,scales=list(x=round(log(1:100),
4),y=round(log(1:50.5), 4),log=T))
gives me the right points on the page but still gives axis labels in scientific
notation.
If I try to specify "labels" as a list I get an error message
xyplot(Y ~ X | class,data=temp.df,scales=list(log = T, labels = list(x=round(log(1:100), 4),y=round(log(1:50.5), 4))))
Error in construct.scales(log = TRUE, labels = list(x = c(0, 0.6931, 1.0986, : the at and labels components of scales may not be lists when relation = same Syntax problem in this last command? Thanks
On 27-Sep-10, at 12:16 PM, Henrique Dallazuanna wrote:
Try this: xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log = T, labels = round(log(1:10), 4))) On Mon, Sep 27, 2010 at 4:10 PM, array chip <arrayprofile at yahoo.com> wrote:
Hi I am using xyplot() to plot on the log scale by using scale=list(log=T) argument. For example: xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log=T)) But the axis labels are printed as scientific notation (10^0.0, etc), instead of fixed notation. How can I change that to fixed notation? options(scipen=4) doesn't work on xyplot() Thanks John
--Henrique Dallazuanna
Curitiba-Paran?-Brasil
25? 25' 40" S 49? 16' 22" O
[[alternative HTML version deleted]]
______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Don McKenzie, Research Ecologist Pacific WIldland Fire Sciences Lab US Forest Service Affiliate Professor School of Forest Resources, College of the Environment CSES Climate Impacts Group University of Washington desk: 206-732-7824 cell: 206-321-5966 dmck at uw.edu donaldmckenzie at fs.fed.us ______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. ______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
On Mon, Sep 27, 2010 at 5:28 PM, array chip <arrayprofile at yahoo.com> wrote:
I found where the problem is with y-axis, the yscale.components.log10 should be
yscale.components.log10 <- function(lim, ...) {
? ?ans <- yscale.components.default(lim = lim, ...)
? ?tick.at <- logTicks(10^lim,loc=1)
? ?ans$left$ticks$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
? ?ans$left$labels$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
? ?ans$left$labels$labels <- as.character(tick.at)
? ?ans }
A few such functions are now available in latticeExtra. E.g.,
library(latticeExtra)
xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log=T),
yscale.components = yscale.components.log10.3)
xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log=T),
yscale.components = yscale.components.log10ticks)
-Deepayan
----- Original Message ---- From: array chip <arrayprofile at yahoo.com> To: Don McKenzie <dmck at u.washington.edu>; Henrique Dallazuanna <wwwhsd at gmail.com> Cc: R-help Forum <r-help at r-project.org> Sent: Mon, September 27, 2010 3:09:20 PM Subject: Re: [R] scientific vs. fixed notation in xyplot() Hi, I found an old thread which refered to 2 examples (Fig 8.4 & Fig 8.5) from Dr. Sarkar's lattice book that address this problem using "xscale.components" and "yscale.components": http://lmdvr.r-forge.r-project.org/figures/figures.html I am able to change the label of x-axis, but still can't change the y-axis label. I think it's straight forward, but can't figure out what I am missing in the code, Can anyone suggest? logTicks <- function (lim, loc = c(1, 5)) { ? ?ii <- floor(log10(range(lim))) + c(-1, 2) ? ?main <- 10^(ii[1]:ii[2]) ? ?r <- as.numeric(outer(loc, main, "*")) ? ?r[lim[1] <= r & r <= lim[2]] } xscale.components.log10 <- function(lim, ...) { ? ?ans <- xscale.components.default(lim = lim, ...) ? ?tick.at <- logTicks(10^lim,loc=1) ? ?ans$bottom$ticks$at <- log(tick.at, 10) ? ?ans$bottom$labels$at <- log(tick.at, 10) ? ?ans$bottom$labels$labels <- as.character(tick.at) ? ?ans } yscale.components.log10 <- function(lim, ...) { ? ?ans <- yscale.components.default(lim = lim, ...) ? ?tick.at <- logTicks(10^lim,loc=1) ? ?ans$bottom$ticks$at <- log(tick.at, 10) ? ?ans$bottom$labels$at <- log(tick.at, 10) ? ?ans$bottom$labels$labels <- as.character(tick.at) ? ?ans } xyplot(1:10000~1:10000, scales=list(log=T),xscale.components = xscale.components.log10,yscale.components = yscale.components.log10) Any suggestions? Thanks John ----- Original Message ---- From: Don McKenzie <dmck at u.washington.edu> To: Henrique Dallazuanna <wwwhsd at gmail.com> Cc: R-help Forum <r-help at r-project.org> Sent: Mon, September 27, 2010 1:00:04 PM Subject: Re: [R] scientific vs. fixed notation in xyplot() This is quite elegant (thanks) and brings up a problem I could not solve awhile back, although Dr. Sarkar did his best to help. How do I do the same thing in a panel plot? e.g., toy example temp.df <- data.frame(X=seq(1,100,by=1),Y=seq(1,50.5,by=.5),class=rep(c("A","B"),each=50)) xyplot(Y ~ X | class,data=temp.df,scales=list(x=round(log(1:100), 4),y=round(log(1:50.5), 4),log=T)) gives me the right points on the page but still gives axis labels in scientific notation. If I try to specify "labels" as a list I get an error message
xyplot(Y ~ X | class,data=temp.df,scales=list(log = T, labels = list(x=round(log(1:100), 4),y=round(log(1:50.5), 4))))
Error in construct.scales(log = TRUE, labels = list(x = c(0, 0.6931, 1.0986, ?: ?the at and labels components of scales may not be lists when relation = same Syntax problem in this last command? Thanks On 27-Sep-10, at 12:16 PM, Henrique Dallazuanna wrote:
Try this: ?xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log = T, labels = round(log(1:10), 4))) On Mon, Sep 27, 2010 at 4:10 PM, array chip <arrayprofile at yahoo.com> wrote:
Hi I am using xyplot() to plot on the log scale by using scale=list(log=T) argument. For example: xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log=T)) But the axis labels are printed as scientific notation (10^0.0, etc), instead of fixed notation. How can I change that to fixed notation? options(scipen=4) doesn't work on xyplot() Thanks John
--Henrique Dallazuanna Curitiba-Paran?-Brasil 25? 25' 40" S 49? 16' 22" O ? ? [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Don McKenzie, Research Ecologist Pacific WIldland Fire Sciences Lab US Forest Service Affiliate Professor School of Forest Resources, College of the Environment CSES Climate Impacts Group University of Washington desk: 206-732-7824 cell: 206-321-5966 dmck at uw.edu donaldmckenzie at fs.fed.us
______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. ______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. ______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Thank you Dr. Sarkar. yscale.components.log10.3 is pretty good choice. John ----- Original Message ---- From: Deepayan Sarkar <deepayan.sarkar at gmail.com> To: array chip <arrayprofile at yahoo.com> Cc: Don McKenzie <dmck at u.washington.edu>; Henrique Dallazuanna <wwwhsd at gmail.com>; R-help Forum <r-help at r-project.org> Sent: Mon, September 27, 2010 8:07:15 PM Subject: Re: [R] scientific vs. fixed notation in xyplot()
On Mon, Sep 27, 2010 at 5:28 PM, array chip <arrayprofile at yahoo.com> wrote:
I found where the problem is with y-axis, the yscale.components.log10 should
be
yscale.components.log10 <- function(lim, ...) {
? ?ans <- yscale.components.default(lim = lim, ...)
? ?tick.at <- logTicks(10^lim,loc=1)
? ?ans$left$ticks$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
? ?ans$left$labels$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
? ?ans$left$labels$labels <- as.character(tick.at)
? ?ans }
A few such functions are now available in latticeExtra. E.g., library(latticeExtra) xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log=T), ? ? ? yscale.components = yscale.components.log10.3) xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log=T), ? ? ? yscale.components = yscale.components.log10ticks) -Deepayan
----- Original Message ---- From: array chip <arrayprofile at yahoo.com> To: Don McKenzie <dmck at u.washington.edu>; Henrique Dallazuanna <wwwhsd at gmail.com> Cc: R-help Forum <r-help at r-project.org> Sent: Mon, September 27, 2010 3:09:20 PM Subject: Re: [R] scientific vs. fixed notation in xyplot() Hi, I found an old thread which refered to 2 examples (Fig 8.4 & Fig 8.5) from Dr. Sarkar's lattice book that address this problem using "xscale.components" and "yscale.components": http://lmdvr.r-forge.r-project.org/figures/figures.html I am able to change the label of x-axis, but still can't change the y-axis label. I think it's straight forward, but can't figure out what I am missing
in
the code, Can anyone suggest?
logTicks <- function (lim, loc = c(1, 5)) {
? ?ii <- floor(log10(range(lim))) + c(-1, 2)
? ?main <- 10^(ii[1]:ii[2])
? ?r <- as.numeric(outer(loc, main, "*"))
? ?r[lim[1] <= r & r <= lim[2]] }
xscale.components.log10 <- function(lim, ...) {
? ?ans <- xscale.components.default(lim = lim, ...)
? ?tick.at <- logTicks(10^lim,loc=1)
? ?ans$bottom$ticks$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
? ?ans$bottom$labels$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
? ?ans$bottom$labels$labels <- as.character(tick.at)
? ?ans }
yscale.components.log10 <- function(lim, ...) {
? ?ans <- yscale.components.default(lim = lim, ...)
? ?tick.at <- logTicks(10^lim,loc=1)
? ?ans$bottom$ticks$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
? ?ans$bottom$labels$at <- log(tick.at, 10)
? ?ans$bottom$labels$labels <- as.character(tick.at)
? ?ans }
xyplot(1:10000~1:10000, scales=list(log=T),xscale.components =
xscale.components.log10,yscale.components = yscale.components.log10)
Any suggestions?
Thanks
John
----- Original Message ----
From: Don McKenzie <dmck at u.washington.edu>
To: Henrique Dallazuanna <wwwhsd at gmail.com>
Cc: R-help Forum <r-help at r-project.org>
Sent: Mon, September 27, 2010 1:00:04 PM
Subject: Re: [R] scientific vs. fixed notation in xyplot()
This is quite elegant (thanks) and brings up a problem I could not solve
awhile
back, although Dr. Sarkar did his best to help. How do I do the same thing in a panel plot? e.g., toy example temp.df <-
data.frame(X=seq(1,100,by=1),Y=seq(1,50.5,by=.5),class=rep(c("A","B"),each=50))
xyplot(Y ~ X | class,data=temp.df,scales=list(x=round(log(1:100), 4),y=round(log(1:50.5), 4),log=T)) gives me the right points on the page but still gives axis labels in
scientific
notation. If I try to specify "labels" as a list I get an error message
xyplot(Y ~ X | class,data=temp.df,scales=list(log = T, labels = list(x=round(log(1:100), 4),y=round(log(1:50.5), 4))))
Error in construct.scales(log = TRUE, labels = list(x = c(0, 0.6931, 1.0986,
?:
?the at and labels components of scales may not be lists when relation = same Syntax problem in this last command? Thanks On 27-Sep-10, at 12:16 PM, Henrique Dallazuanna wrote:
Try this: ?xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log = T, labels = round(log(1:10), 4))) On Mon, Sep 27, 2010 at 4:10 PM, array chip <arrayprofile at yahoo.com> wrote:
Hi I am using xyplot() to plot on the log scale by using scale=list(log=T) argument. For example: xyplot(1:10~1:10, scales=list(log=T)) But the axis labels are printed as scientific notation (10^0.0, etc), instead of fixed notation. How can I change that to fixed notation? options(scipen=4) doesn't work on xyplot() Thanks John
--Henrique Dallazuanna Curitiba-Paran?-Brasil 25? 25' 40" S 49? 16' 22" O ? ? [[alternative HTML version deleted]]
______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
Don McKenzie, Research Ecologist Pacific WIldland Fire Sciences Lab US Forest Service Affiliate Professor School of Forest Resources, College of the Environment CSES Climate Impacts Group University of Washington desk: 206-732-7824 cell: 206-321-5966 dmck at uw.edu donaldmckenzie at fs.fed.us
______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. ______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code. ______________________________________________ R-help at r-project.org mailing list https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-help PLEASE do read the posting guide http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.