OK, lets redo this again, and ensure that we start with a row that will indeed
lead to a symmetric matrix for the circulant matrix:
x<-scan("kinv")
y<-x[c(109:1,2:108)]
X=toeplitz(y)
Z=y
for (i in 2:216) Z=rbind(Z,y[c((216-i+2):216,1:(216-i+1))])
range(X-Z)
[1] 0 0
eigen(X) is the same as eigen(Z), but we know that Z is a circulant matrix so
the eigenvectors are complex....
Any thoughts/screams?
--- Prof Brian Ripley <ripley at stats.ox.ac.uk> wrote:
On Sun, 1 May 2005, someone who didn't give his name wrote:
It is my understanding that the eigenvectors of a circulant matrix are
given as follows:
1,omega,omega^2,....,omega^{p-1}
where the matrix has dimension given by p x p and omega is one of p complex
roots of unity. (See Bellman for an excellent discussion on this).
What is the relevance of this? Also, your reference is useless to us, which is important as this all hinges on your definitions.
The matrix created by the attached row and obtained using the following
commands indicates no imaginary parts for the eigenvectors. It appears
that the real values are close, but not exactly so, and there is no
imaginary part whatsoever.
x<-scan("kinv.dat") #length(x) = 216
y<-x[c(109:216,1:108)]
X<-toeplitz(y)
eigen(X)$vectors
We don't have "kinv.dat", but X is not circulant as usually defined.
Note that the eigenvectors are correct, and they are indeed real, because X is symmetric. Is this a bug in R? Any insight if not, please!
Well, first R calls LAPACK or EISPACK, so it would be a bug in one of those. But in so far as I understand you, X is a real symmetric matrix, and those have real eigenvalues and eigenvectors. I think you are confused about the meaning of Toeplitz and circulant. Compare http://mathworld.wolfram.com/CirculantMatrix.html http://mathworld.wolfram.com/ToeplitzMatrix.html and note that ?toeplitz says it computes the *symmetric* Toeplitz matrix. There is a very regretable tendency here for people to assume their lack of understanding is `a bug in R'. -- Brian D. Ripley, ripley at stats.ox.ac.uk Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UK Fax: +44 1865 272595