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troubles performing Moran.I test

2 messages · Barbara.Spillmann at agrar.uni-giessen.de, Roger Bivand

Original
Barbara.Spillmann at agrar.uni-giessen.de
# 
dear R users,

I have troubles performing Moran.I test as suggested on  
http://www.ats.ucla.edu/stat/r/faq/morans_i.htm

my spatial data are longitude and lattitide of communities. The  
calculation of the inverse distance matrix according to the homepage  
(using my data)

datAL <- read.csv2("C:\\Konvergenz AL.csv", header=T)

ALdist <- as.matrix(dist(cbind(datAL$L?nge, datAL$Breite)))
ALdist.inv <- 1/ALdist
for (i in 1:dim(ALdist)[1]){ALdist.inv[i,i]=0}

seems to work since the first 10 elements of my matrix look like this:

            1          2          3          4          5
1 0.00000000 0.06201737 0.06041221 0.03386427 0.05198752
2 0.06201737 0.00000000 0.19611614 0.03562352 0.02964346
3 0.06041221 0.19611614 0.00000000 0.03028913 0.03118914
4 0.03386427 0.03562352 0.03028913 0.00000000 0.02138823
5 0.05198752 0.02964346 0.03118914 0.02138823 0.00000000


the data which might be spatially autocorrelated is LN(Unem05/Unem98,  
the LN of the development in unemployment rates in the communities  
between 1998 and 2005. The first 5 elements of this vector are as  
follows:

Comm    LN(Unem05/Unem98)
1       0.21
2       0.08
3       0.22
4       0.05
5      -0.22

I have 426 communities in total and I don's see what might be wrong  
with the data...However, I have some NAs in there...
when I try to perform the test using:

Moran.I(datAL$LN.Rt05.Rt98., ALdist.inv, na.rm=TRUE)

I get the following error message:
Fehler in if (obs <= ei) 2 * pv else 2 * (1 - pv) :
   Fehlender Wert, wo TRUE/FALSE n?tig ist

in english something like
error in if (obs <= ei) 2 * pv else 2 * (1 - pv) :
   missing value, where TRUE/FALSE is needed

can anyone give me a hint what is going wrong??

many thanks in advance!!

Barbara
Roger Bivand
# 
<Barbara.Spillmann <at> agrar.uni-giessen.de> writes:
Using the ape package which is written for a different application area is 
not necessarily a good idea - the web page you refer to also has basic
blunders, mainly calculating and using planar distances when spherical
were called for. You repeat this in your data. Distances should be measured
by Great Circle between geographical coordinates.
...
The function takes a number of short cuts that are not obvious without reading
the code, or possibly reading Gittleman & Kot - it performs a hidden row
standardisation of the weights.

If we start from ape's Moran.I() example:

set.seed(1)
tr <- rtree(30)
x <- rnorm(30)
w <- 1/cophenetic(tr)
diag(w) <- 0
Moran.I(x, w)

we can recreate the same results using:

library(spdep)
# convert w to a row standardised general weights object
lw <- mat2listw(w)
lwW <- nb2listw(lw$neighbours, glist=lw$weights, style="W")
moran.test(x, lwW, alternative="two.sided")

Note that spdep provides functions for calculating Great Circle distances, 
see dnearneigh() and nbdist().
Inserting an NA into x:

is.na(x[5]) <- TRUE
Moran.I(x, w, na.rm=TRUE)

and

xc <- complete.cases(x)
wc <- w[xc, xc]
lwc <- mat2listw(wc)
lwWc <- nb2listw(lwc$neighbours, glist=lwc$weights, style="W")
moran.test(x[xc], lwWc, alternative="two.sided")

agree in the coefficient but not beyond that (ei is not for the correct n 
in Moran.I()). By the way, Moran's I really doesn't make sense for missing 
data. There is a provision in moran.test() for subsetting, but not for the 
general weights matrix you are using.
Since it isn't NA in your variable, it must be something else, so use 
debug(Moran.I) to see which of obs and/or ei are NAs in the line you quote.

Have you had the opportunity to review the Spatial task view on CRAN?
It is not impossible that it might shed some light on your problem, possibly
more than the authority you cite, including a link to the R-sig-geo list. 

Roger Bivand