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how to use by function

3 messages · cowboy, arun, Rui Barradas

Original
cowboy
# 
hi all,
Assume I have data like
data<-rbind(c(1,2),c(1,3),c(2,1),c(3,2),c(3,4))
I want to get some matrix like
1,2,3
2,NA,NA
3,2,4
I'm using by
mat<-matrix(NA,3,3)
by(data,data[,1],mat[data[,1],]<-c(data[,2]))
but it doesn't work.
Any ideas?
thanks,
cowboy
arun
# 
Hi,

Not familiar with by function.
But you can get the result :

mat[,1]<-(rle(data[,1]))$values 

mat[1,]<-(rle(data[,1]))$values
mat[3,2:3]<-(rle(data[,2])$values)[4:5]
???? [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]??? 1??? 2??? 3
[2,]??? 2?? NA?? NA
[3,]??? 3??? 2??? 4


A.K.






----- Original Message -----
From: cowboy <dgecon at gmail.com>
To: r-help at r-project.org
Cc: 
Sent: Monday, June 18, 2012 11:32 PM
Subject: [R] how to use by function

hi all,
Assume I have data like
data<-rbind(c(1,2),c(1,3),c(2,1),c(3,2),c(3,4))
I want to get some matrix like
1,2,3
2,NA,NA
3,2,4
I'm using by
mat<-matrix(NA,3,3)
by(data,data[,1],mat[data[,1],]<-c(data[,2]))
but it doesn't work.
Any ideas?
thanks,
cowboy

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Rui Barradas
# 
Hello,

Your code is not working because you are not understanding what's 
written in the help page for 'by'.

'by' breaks its first argument, a data.frame, (could be matrix) into 
sets of rows using 'index' to do the breaking. Each set of rows is the 
argument for FUN, a function that already exists or an unnamed function 
to be defined.

In this example, inspired by your "code", the unnamed function has 
argument 'x'. That 'x' becomes each set taken from 'dat'. Take a look:


dat <- rbind(c(1,2),c(1,3),c(2,1),c(3,2),c(3,4))
mat <- matrix(NA, 3, 3)
by(dat, dat[, 1], FUN=function(x){ mat[x[, 1], ] <- x[, 2]; mat })


This is not what you want. How to do what you want is:


wanted <- read.table(text="
1,2,3
2,NA,NA
3,2,4
", sep=",")
(wanted <- as.matrix(wanted))
dimnames(wanted) <- NULL

index.mat <- which(!is.na(wanted), arr.ind=TRUE)
values <- wanted[index.mat]

how.to <- matrix(nrow=3, ncol=3)
how.to[index.mat] <- values
all.equal(wanted, how.to)


Or maybe you are just trying to understand 'by', in which case run the 
examples in its help page.

Hope this helps,

Rui Barradas

Em 19-06-2012 04:32, cowboy escreveu: