system.time gives error when "=" is used for assignment (R-2.6.0)

Hello list,
I found that system.time works correctly when I used "<-" to assign a
value to a variable but when I happened to use "=" instead of "<-", R
gave an error message:
"Error in system.time(your argument here...)". It happened with a few
functions I tried. Is this a bug or is there any circumstances that
"=" cannot be used for assignment? Here is a real simple example.

The latter. Although some might say the former, too. And some will no 
doubt flame me for even saying that. The former, I mean.

Arguments in calls to function (aka arglists) can be in the name=object 
form.

So,

 	(function(x,y) x-y)(y=3,x=2)

evaluates to -1, while

 	(function(x,y) x-y)( 3, 2 )

evaluates to 1, as does

 	 (function(x,y) x-y)(me <- 3, you <- 2)
but

 	 (function(x,y) x-y)(me = 3, you = 2)

gives an error when it tries to match 'me' or 'you' to an argument but 
fails to find one.

Hint: often

 	system.time( { result.of.long.compute <- foo(my.args) } )

is what you want.

HTH,

Chuck

p.s. As an exercise for the reader, why does

  	(function(x,y) x-y)({me = 3},{you = 2})

not return an error?

fn1 <- function(x) x+1

r1 <- system.time(res1=fn1(2))
r2 <- system.time(res2 <- fn1(2))


Thank you.
Kyeongmi
University of Memphis

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Charles C. Berry                            (858) 534-2098
                                             Dept of Family/Preventive Medicine
E mailto:cberry at tajo.ucsd.edu	            UC San Diego
http://famprevmed.ucsd.edu/faculty/cberry/  La Jolla, San Diego 92093-0901

Kyeongmi asks:

Hello list, 

I found that system.time works correctly when I used "<-" to assign
a value to a variable but when I happened to use "=" instead of
"<-", R gave an error message: "Error in system.time(your argument
here...)". It happened with a few functions I tried. Is this a bug
or is there any circumstances that "=" cannot be used for
assignment? Here is a real simple example.

fn1 <- function(x) x+1

r1 <- system.time(res1=fn1(2))
r2 <- system.time(res2 <- fn1(2))

No, it is not a bug.  It is a syntactic trap that using '=' for
assignment will lure you into.  This is one reason why I suggest you
just do not do it.

Think about it.  If the function system.time() had an argument res1,
how would you call it giving a value for this argument?  As you have
done.  So it has nothing to do with the function system.time iteslf,
it applies generally.

Ways around it include

r1 <- system.time((res1 = fn1(2)))  ## if you must!
r1 <- system.time({res1 = fn1(2)})  ## ditto
r1 <- system.time(res1 <- fn1(2))   ## as you discovered.

Bill Venables.