overlay plots

Hi all!

I new to R (I don't know anything about S+ either!)

I've a simple question:

How do I generate overlay plots in R?
So far as I can see the plot(x, y) operator will only give me one graph and
the plot(x ~ y + z) will give me 2 separate plots.
Is there an easy way to overlay or am I missing the obvious?

between two calls to plot you should set
par(new=T)

specify the xlim=c(x1,x2) ylim=c(y1,y2) in each call to plot() to get
propper matching of the overlaid plots

Any help welcome.

Gerard Keogh

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On Thu, 06 Sep 2001 15:08:16 +0100, you wrote in message
<OF62D87A41.4733FB80-ON80256ABF.004D2E97 at cso.ie>:

Hi all!

I new to R (I don't know anything about S+ either!)

I've a simple question:

How do I generate overlay plots in R?
So far as I can see the plot(x, y) operator will only give me one graph and
the plot(x ~ y + z) will give me 2 separate plots.
Is there an easy way to overlay or am I missing the obvious?


Any help welcome.

The general scheme in R (and S+) is that one call sets up a plotting
region and establishes a coordinate system, and possibly fills it, and
then further calls can be used to embellish it.  

What you want to do is to use one call to plot y vs. x, then add the z
vs. x points to that plot.  A simple way to do that is

 plot(x,  y)  
 points(x, z)

Note that the horizontal coordinate is listed first when you list
arguments, but the vertical coordinate is listed first when you use a
formula, so this is equivalent:

 plot(y ~ x)
 points(z ~ x)
 
Because the first call establishes the coordinates, you might find
that not all the z values are shown.  To guarantee this, you can use
optional arguments in the first call, e.g.

 plot(x, y, ylim = range(c(y,z)))

You should also look at "axis", "lines", "text", "mtext", "box" etc.
for other functions to embellish the plot.

Duncan Murdoch
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"Duncan" == Duncan Murdoch <murdoch at stats.uwo.ca> writes:

Duncan> On Thu, 06 Sep 2001 15:08:16 +0100, you wrote in message
    Duncan> <OF62D87A41.4733FB80-ON80256ABF.004D2E97 at cso.ie>:

    >> Hi all!
    >> 
    >> I new to R (I don't know anything about S+ either!)
    >> 
    >> I've a simple question:
    >> 
    >> How do I generate overlay plots in R?
    >> So far as I can see the plot(x, y) operator will only give me one graph and
    >> the plot(x ~ y + z) will give me 2 separate plots.
    >> Is there an easy way to overlay or am I missing the obvious?
    >> 
    >> 
    >> Any help welcome.

    Duncan> The general scheme in R (and S+) is that one call sets up a
    Duncan> plotting region and establishes a coordinate system, and
    Duncan> possibly fills it, and then further calls can be used to
    Duncan> embellish it.

    Duncan> What you want to do is to use one call to plot y vs. x, then
    Duncan> add the z vs. x points to that plot.  A simple way to do that
    Duncan> is

    Duncan> plot(x,  y)  
    Duncan> points(x, z)

    Duncan> Note that the horizontal coordinate is listed first when you
    Duncan> list arguments, but the vertical coordinate is listed first
    Duncan> when you use a formula, so this is equivalent:

    Duncan> plot(y ~ x)
    Duncan> points(z ~ x)
 
    Duncan> Because the first call establishes the coordinates, you might
    Duncan> find that not all the z values are shown.  To guarantee this,
    Duncan> you can use optional arguments in the first call, e.g.

    Duncan> plot(x, y, ylim = range(c(y,z)))

    Duncan> You should also look at "axis", "lines", "text", "mtext", "box" etc.
    Duncan> for other functions to embellish the plot.

But if it's really as simple, you might also think of using
matplot(), matlines(),...  which are useful wrappers to
one plot(.) + several points() / lines() calls.  For the above example,

    matplot(x, cbind(y,z))

Martin Maechler <maechler at stat.math.ethz.ch>
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