projection of ggmap:get_map() output
EPSG:4326, or WGS84, is only one way to refer to places on the earth by longitudes and latitudes; it seems that google maps come in a Mercator projection, EPSG:3857, read e.g. this: http://docs.openlayers.org/library/spherical_mercator.html or https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/javascript/maptypes#MapCoordinates Iliffe and Lott: Datums and Map Projections: For Remote Sensing, GIS and Surveying provide an excellent explanation on what goes on here, including what google maps does.
On 04/24/2014 09:56 AM, Agustin Lobo wrote:
(follow up of previous message, I pressed enter as if I were in the R session and sent the message...) On Wed, Apr 23, 2014 at 4:37 PM, Barry Rowlingson <b.rowlingson at lancaster.ac.uk> wrote:
- I imagine the web services expect EPSG:4326.
What they expect, yes. But what about what we retrieve? The bbox
coordinates might be in geographic coordinates (epsg:4326) but
the actual projection of the matrix could be any other. Actually, I
think that no geographic object without CRS information should be
admitted in R.
In order to investigate this further, I've done the following:
mibb <- matrix(c(-69.88634, -48.78450, -34.05533, -18.63424),byrow=TRUE,nrow=2)
delme <- get_map(location = mibb, maptype = "hybrid", source=
"google", crop = FALSE, zoom = 5)
mgmap <- as.matrix(gmap)
vgmap <- as.vector(mgmap)
vgmaprgb <- col2rgb(vgmap)
gmapr <- matrix(vgmaprgb[1,],ncol=ncol(
mgmap),nrow=nrow(mgmap))
gmapg <- matrix(vgmaprgb[2,],ncol=ncol(mgmap),nrow=nrow(mgmap))
gmapb <- matrix(vgmaprgb[3,],ncol=ncol(mgmap),nrow=nrow(mgmap))
rgmaprgb <- brick(raster(gmapr),raster(gmapg),raster(gmapb))
projection(rgmaprgb) <- CRS("+init=epsg:4326")
extent(rgmaprgb) <- unlist(attr(gmap,which="bb"))[c(2,4,1,3)]
rgmaprgb
plotRGB(rgmaprgb)
This looks good, but when I save as GTiff
writeRaster(rgmaprgb,file="rgmaprgb",format="GTiff",overwrite=TRUE,datatype="INT1U")
and check with QGIS, there is a very significant shift versus the GM
layer that is downladed by plugin OpenLayers.
Thus I worry that my overlay using rasterVis:levelplot and ggmap:
layer could actually be wrong as well.
I'm going to test on a more local area and let you know.
Agus
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