R and GIS

Dear all,
I'm interested in the analysis of spatial data with R and I'm completely
new to the world of GIS. However, I would like to try to use R and GIS data
for analyzing archaeological data.

What you are saying here is basically:

 "I want to use this hammer to bash this nail"

The problem is that we have no idea what you are building. It might be
better to use glue, or screws.

In statistics, always start with a question about your data, that
should lead you to methods, and only then go looking for the right
software.