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Fixed effects in lmer()

2 messages · Duncan Jackson, Thierry Onkelinx

#
Hi everyone.
I have some questions about lmer() and I'm wondering if you might be able
to help me out.
I?ve run a mixed-model in lmer() including multiple random effects and a
fixed effect.  I?ve noticed that if I run a comparison simple regression
model with no random effects but the same fixed effect, I get precisely the
same unstandardised beta coefficient for my fixed effect in the simple
regression as I get if I run the mixed model.
Am I correct in thinking, therefore, that the beta coefficients generated
in the mixed model in lmer() do not control for the random effects in the
model?  Would it make a difference in this respect if participants in my
dataset were nested in a random effect?  Also, how does one summarise
an overall R square value for the impact of a set of fixed effects in a
mixed model with lmer()?
On another note, I was wondering if there were any more recent suggestions
about how to handle random effects in REML-based models using lmer() that
are fenced at zero.  Is it possible that alternative optimizers might
assist in this respect?  One issue I find when comparing lmer() with
Bayesian estimators is that the difficulties in this respect often appear
to arise with very small effects (i.e., those that approach near-zero
variance estimates).
Looking forward to hearing your thoughts.
Kind regards,
Duncan
#
Dear Duncan,

If the random effects only explain the noise of the linear regression, then
you could get similar fixed effect estimates. The summary of both models
would be useful.

IMHO R? has only a clear definition under very special conditions: a linear
regression with Gaussian distribution and without random effects.
Unfortunately, as people start learning statistics with this kind of model,
they assume that other models have the same properties. You could do an LRT
between models with and without the set of fixed effects.

Are you referring to non-negative random effects? The lmer random effects
assume a zero mean normal distribution. Which implies the possibility of
negative numbers.

Best regards,

ir. Thierry Onkelinx
Statisticus / Statistician

Vlaamse Overheid / Government of Flanders
INSTITUUT VOOR NATUUR- EN BOSONDERZOEK / RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR NATURE AND
FOREST
Team Biometrie & Kwaliteitszorg / Team Biometrics & Quality Assurance
thierry.onkelinx at inbo.be
Havenlaan 88 bus 73, 1000 Brussel
www.inbo.be

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Op vr 18 jun. 2021 om 08:24 schreef Duncan Jackson <duncanjackson at gmail.com