Changes to environments in R-devel
As a followup, these changes have some impacts on already installed
packages, most likely including all those using lazy-loading or saved
images.
If you are building from a checked-out version of R you will need to
trigger re-installation of the recommended packages. Unix users can do
that by
rm src/library/Recommended/*.ts
make
but Windows users will best do 'make distclean; make all recommended' as a
clean is needed.
One way to re-install all other packages is
have <- installed.packages(priority="NA")[,1] install.packages(have)
at least if you have them all in the main library tree or all in one additional tree. Doing it from within R ensures that the dependency order is maintained. If like me you have almost all CRAN packages installed that will take quite a while. Note that re-installing binary packages under Windows and MacOS X will not be effective until the repositories have been rebuilt.
On Thu, 3 Nov 2005, Duncan Murdoch wrote:
I've just committed some changes to R-devel which affect environments. Specifically: - using NULL as an environment is now deprecated: use baseenv() instead. (baseenv() is already available in R 2.2.0, where it returns NULL. For most purposes it retains the same meaning in R-devel.) If you do use NULL, it will be converted to baseenv(), and a warning printed. For example:
f <- function(x) 1 environment(f) <- NULL
Warning message: use of NULL environment is deprecated
environment(f)
<environment: base> There may be some places where I've missed putting the conversion in place, and use of NULL will cause an error; please let me know if you find any of those. The intention is that NULL will be usable with warnings through to the end of the 2.3.x releases. - baseenv() is no longer its own parent. Its parent is an empty environment, available as emptyenv(). - You can now create your own environment with emptyenv() as its parent. Searches for variables in such an environment will not automatically proceed to baseenv(), as searches do in current R releases. Duncan Murdoch
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Brian D. Ripley, ripley at stats.ox.ac.uk Professor of Applied Statistics, http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~ripley/ University of Oxford, Tel: +44 1865 272861 (self) 1 South Parks Road, +44 1865 272866 (PA) Oxford OX1 3TG, UK Fax: +44 1865 272595